turtles lizards snakes
frogs
Reptiles of the United States  
  Home Email Site map
A Guide to the Reptiles &
Amphibians of the United States
Home snakes lizards Turtles turtles salamanders
Snakes of the U.S.
UDG-Banner (55K)
 



Holbrook's Southern Dusky Salamander Range Map






Holbrook's Southern Dusky Salamander Video




Holbrook's Southern Dusky Salamander Juvenile

Home »» Salamanders & Newts »» Plethodontidae (Lungless Salamanders) »» Holbrook's Southern Dusky Salamander (Desmognathus auriculatus)


Holbrook's Southern Dusky Salamander (D. auriculatus)STATUS





Description: Holbrook's southern dusky salamander grows from 3 to 6 inches in length. It is typically dark brown to black in color, with a long tail, and rear legs which are noticeably larger than its front legs.


Habitat: Holbrook's southern dusky salamander prefers tannic, swampy areas near ponds or on the flood plain of streams and rivers.


Range: The three lineages presently assigned to D. auriculatus range along the Atlantic coastal plain from southern Virginia south to peninsular Florida, and west to the Florida Panhandle and southern Alabama. However, populations from Virginia south to Georgia are now thought to belong to the distantly related lineages D. auriculatus and D. auriculatus, representing undescribed species. D. auriculatus, the "true" D. auriculatus, ranges from southern Georgia south to peninsular Florida, and west to the Florida Panhandle and southern Alabama.


Found in these States: FL | GA | NC | SC | VA


Diet: These nocturnal predators consume a variety of small invertebrates and are also known to be cannibalistic.


Reproduction: Breeding takes place in the fall months, and females lay eggs in moist, sheltered areas of ground debris.


Status: The "true" D. auriculatus, D. auriculatus A, was formerly abundant but has experienced major, unexplained declines since the late 1960s to 1970s, disappearing from large areas of optimal, undisturbed habitat. They are now found in less than 1 percent of their former range. Although it persists at several sites in southern Georgia and northern Florida, it has seemed to have disappeared entirely from peninsular Florida. The exact causes of these declines remain unknown, as other salamanders inhabiting the areas, including other Desmognathus species, have not seen the same declines experienced by D. auriculatus.


Taxonomy: As previously defined as the southern dusky salamander, it was thought to range from southern Virginia south to Florida, and west to Texas. However, a 2008 study found D. auriculatus as previously defined to be polyphyletic, with many populations being assigned to this species on the basis of similar morphology; for example, Texas populations were found to belong to the spotted dusky salamander (D. conanti). Several other populations assigned to this species were found to be northern dusky salamander (D. fuscus), D. conanti, or undescribed species. In 2017, one of these species was described as Valentine's southern dusky salamander (D. valentinei). A 2020 study identified three distinct mito-nuclear lineages that likely represented distinct species: D. auriculatus A (D. auriculatus sensu stricto), D. auriculatus B, and D. auriculatus C.

It was described by John Edwards Holbrook and renamed after him in 2017 to distinguish it from D. valentinei.

Desmognathus fuscus carri was a subspecies of the northern dusky salamander thought to have existed in peninsular Florida prior to its unexplained disappearance in the 1970s. A 2021 phylogenetic analysis found it to belong to D. auriculatus sensu stricto, albeit being a distinct genetic lineage of it.

»» Kingdom: Animalia - Animals
   »» Phylum: Chordata - Chordates
     »» Subphylum: Vertebrata - Vertebrates
       »» Class: Amphibia - (Amphibians)
         »» Order: Caudata - Salamanders
               »» Family: Plethodontidae - Lungless Salamanders
                   »» Genus: Desmognathus
                     »» Species: D. auriculatus - Holbrook's Southern Dusky Salamander

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article "Holbrook's Southern Dusky Salamander", which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. Content may have been omitted from the original, but no content has been changed or extended.

 

 

 

 


Recommended Books at Amazon.com


Handbook of Salamanders: The Salamanders of the United States, of Canada, and of Lower California     Peterson Field Guide To Western Reptiles & Amphibians     Amphibian     Salamanders of the United States and Canada



DISCLAIMER: We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn advertising fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated websites.

 

 
 

Disclaimer: ITIS taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and up-to-date information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in provisions of treaties to which the United States is a party, wildlife statutes, regulations, and any applicable notices that have been published in the Federal Register. For further information on U.S. legal requirements with respect to protected taxa, please contact the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

 
Copyright © 2008 - Herpedia™.com